Worm gear reducer是一种动力传达机构，臣功传动利用齿轮的速度转换器，将电机(马达)的回转数减速到所要的回转数，并得到较大转矩的机构。在目前用于传递动力与运动的机构中，减速机的应用范围相当广泛。
Worms and threads are divided into right-handed and left-handed, respectively called right-handed worm and left-handed worm.A worm with only one helix is called a single-head worm, that is, the worm makes one revolution and the turbine rotates one tooth. If there are two helixes on the worm, it is called a double-head worm, that is, the worm makes one revolution and the turbine rotates two times. tooth.
XNUMX. Common problems and causes
1. Reducer heat and oil leakage
In order to improve the efficiency of the worm gear reducer, non-ferrous metals are generally used as the worm gear, and the worm is made of harder steel. Because it is a sliding friction transmission, a higher heat will be generated during operation, which makes the parts and seals of the reducer There is a difference in thermal expansion between them, which creates a gap in each mating surface, and the oil becomes thinner due to the increase in temperature, which is easy to cause leakage.There are four main reasons for this situation: one is the unreasonable collocation of materials, the other is the poor surface quality of the meshing friction surface, the third is the incorrect choice of lubricant addition, and the fourth is the poor assembly quality and use environment.
2. Worm gear wear
The worm wheel is generally made of tin bronze, and the matched worm material is generally hardened with 45 steel to HRC45-55, and 40C hardened HRC50-55 is also commonly used, and it is ground to a roughness of RaO.8fcm by a worm grinder. When the reducer is running normally, the worm is It is like a hardened "file" that keeps filing the worm wheel, causing wear and tear on the worm wheel.Generally speaking, this kind of wear is very slow, and some reducers in a certain factory can be used for more than 10 years.If the wear rate is fast, it is necessary to consider whether the selection of the reducer is correct, whether there is an overload operation, the material of the worm gear, the assembly quality or the use environment and other reasons.
3. Transmission pinion helical gear wear
It usually occurs on the reducer installed vertically, mainly related to the amount of lubricating oil added and the type of oil.When installed vertically, it is easy to cause insufficient lubricating oil. When the reducer stops running, the transmission gear oil between the motor and the reducer will be lost, and the gears will not get the proper lubrication protection.When the reducer is started, the gear is not effectively lubricated, causing mechanical wear and even damage.
4. Worm bearing damage
When a failure occurs, even if the gearbox is well sealed, it is often found that the gear oil in the reducer is emulsified, and the bearings are rusted, corroded, and damaged.This is because the condensate produced by the gear oil temperature rises and cools down after the reducer has been running for a period of time mixed with water.Of course, it is also closely related to the quality of the bearing and the assembly process.
Two, the solution
1.保证装配质量
可购买或自制一些专用工具，拆卸和安装减速机部件时，尽量避免用锤子等其他工具敲击;更换齿轮、蜗轮蜗杆时，尽量选用原厂配件和成对更换;装配输出轴时，要注意公差配合;要使用防黏剂或红丹油保护空心轴，防止磨损生锈或配合面积垢，维修时难拆卸。
2. Selection of lubricants and additives
Turbine reducers generally choose 220# gear oil. For reducers with heavy loads, frequent starts, and poor use environments, some lubricating oil additives can be used to make the gear oil still adhere to the surface of the gear when the reducer stops running, forming a protective film , To prevent heavy load, low speed, high torque and direct contact between metals when starting.The additives contain seal ring regulator and anti-leakage agent to keep the seal ring soft and elastic and effectively reduce the leakage of lubricating oil.
3. Selection of the installation location of the reducer
Where the location permits, try not to use vertical installation.In vertical installation, the amount of lubricating oil added is more consumed than in horizontal installation, which is easy to cause heat and oil leakage of the reducer.
4. Establish a lubrication maintenance system
可根据润滑工作“五定”原则对减速机进行维护，做到每台减速机都有责任人定期检查;发现温升明显，超过40℃或油温超过80℃，油的质量下降或油中发现较多的铜粉以及产生不正常的噪声等现象时，要立即停止使用，及时检修，排除故障，更换润滑油。加油时，要注意油量，保证减速机得到正确的润滑。